Key Takeaways:
Uneven skin tone is a widespread dermatological issue characterised by areas of the skin that appear darker or lighter than the surrounding tissue, resulting in a visibly imbalanced complexion.
Recent data highlight the magnitude of this concern in India. According to the Dermafique Indian Skin Health Report released in 2025, nearly 50% of Indian women experience pigmentation issues, with a striking 74% noticing these changes before the age of 30.
This high prevalence is attributed to the unique characteristics of Indian skin, such as higher melanin content, which increases susceptibility to pigmentation disorders like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
This article will explore the causes and types of uneven skin tone. It will also review evidence-based treatments and highlight how Velantis Dermatology uses the latest research for personalised care.
Uneven skin tone is a clinical term describing the presence of areas on the skin that are either darker or lighter than the surrounding skin. This occurs due to irregularities in melanin production, the pigment responsible for the colour of skin, hair, and eyes.
When melanin is produced in excess, it results in dark patches; conversely, insufficient melanin leads to lighter areas. These pigmentary changes can be localised or widespread, and may present as spots, patches, or diffuse discolouration.
The development of uneven skin tone is a multifactorial process. Common causes include:
While uneven skin tone is often benign and primarily a cosmetic concern, persistent or rapidly changing pigmentation, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, should prompt evaluation by a dermatologist. Early intervention is essential if skin cancer or systemic disease is suspected.
Having defined uneven skin tone, let’s explore the most common factors that contribute to its development in different individuals.
Uneven skin tone often results from a combination of internal and external factors, especially in the Indian population. Sun exposure and hormonal fluctuations are key contributors, but post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, environmental pollutants, and genetic factors also play significant roles.
Key Causes of Uneven Skin Tone:
Sun exposure remains the leading cause of uneven skin tone in India, where intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin as a protective response. Prolonged exposure leads to the formation of sunspots, freckles, and age-related lentigines, all of which contribute to hyperpigmentation and an irregular complexion.
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, are a significant cause of melasma, a chronic hyperpigmentation disorder characterised by symmetrical dark patches on the face. Melasma frequently occurs during pregnancy, with oral contraceptive use, or menopause, and is exacerbated by sun exposure.
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a frequent sequela of acne, especially in individuals with medium to dark skin tones, including many Indian patients. Inflammation from acne lesions triggers excess melanin production during the healing process, resulting in dark spots or patches that can persist long after acne resolves.
Environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke, and lifestyle factors such as poor sleep and nutrition contribute to oxidative stress, damaging skin cells and exacerbating pigmentation irregularities. Pollution-induced free radicals accelerate skin ageing and uneven melanin distribution, leading to dullness and patchiness.
Other less common causes include genetic predispositions, certain medications (e.g., antimalarials, chemotherapy agents), and underlying medical conditions such as vitiligo or fungal infections. Harsh skincare products and overexfoliation can also disrupt the skin barrier function, leading to pigmentary changes.
Note: If you notice sudden or persistent changes in skin colour, or if other symptoms accompany uneven skin tone, it is important to consult a board-certified dermatologist.
Skin discolouration encompasses a broad range of changes in the skin’s natural colour, reflecting underlying alterations in pigmentation, blood flow, or tissue composition. Clinically, skin discolouration is categorised based on the underlying mechanism and the appearance of the affected areas.
The following table summarises the primary types of skin discolouration, their underlying mechanisms, common clinical examples, and important considerations for diagnosis and management.
While many forms of skin discolouration are benign and treatable, sudden onset, rapid progression, or association with other symptoms (such as pain, ulceration, or systemic illness) warrants prompt assessment by a board-certified dermatologist.
Among the many causes, sun damage is a particularly significant contributor to uneven skin tone, especially in populations that are frequently exposed to the sun.
At Velantis Dermatology, we prioritize clarity and clinical integrity in the treatment of pigmentation and melasma. Consult our MD dermatologists in Chennai for advanced, ethical care and long-term results.
Sun damage is a leading cause of uneven skin tone, particularly in regions with high UV exposure, such as India. Chronic sun exposure stimulates melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin, to increase melanin production, thereby protecting deeper tissues. This results in localized areas of increased pigmentation, manifesting as sunspots, freckles, or general skin darkening.
For individuals with medium to dark skin tones, which are common in the Indian population, this uneven pigmentation can be more pronounced and persistent. UV exposure also exacerbates pre-existing conditions, such as melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Over time, this photodamage contributes to photoaging, marked by uneven skin tone, fine lines, and textural changes.
If sun damage has already led to uneven skin tone, several evidence-based treatment options are available. It is important to consult a board-certified dermatologist for an individualised treatment plan. Common treatments include:
While these treatments can improve sun-induced uneven skin tone, complete resolution may not always be possible, especially for chronic or deep-seated pigmentation. Maintenance therapy, sun protection, and realistic expectations are essential. Some treatments, such as lasers, may not be suitable for all skin types and can sometimes worsen pigmentation if not properly selected and performed.
Beyond sun exposure, internal factors such as hormonal changes and acne scarring also play a significant role in the development of uneven skin tone.
Uneven skin tone can result from various internal factors, with hormonal imbalances and acne-related scarring being two significant contributors. Both conditions involve the production of excess melanin, which leads to darker patches on the skin.
Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, menopause, or while using oral contraceptive pills, can trigger a condition known as melasma. Melasma typically causes symmetrical brown or gray-brown patches on the face, often on the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip, which are exacerbated by sun exposure.
The hormonal fluctuations associated with these stages can stimulate melanocytes to produce excess melanin in specific areas, resulting in uneven pigmentation.
Acne is another common cause of uneven skin tone, particularly due to the development of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). PIH occurs when the skin produces excess melanin in response to inflammation caused by acne lesions.
This often leaves dark spots or patches once the acne heals, especially in individuals with darker skin tones. The presence of PIH can cause the skin to look uneven and discoloured, contributing to concerns of both texture and tone.
Effective treatment and prevention strategies can help address the underlying causes of uneven skin tone and pigmentation. Here are some of the most common options:
For Hormonal Influences:
To effectively address pigmentation issues caused by hormonal changes like melasma, the following treatments are commonly used:
For Acne and PIH:
To prevent and treat post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) caused by acne, consider these options:
By addressing both hormonal influences and acne scarring, you can enhance skin tone and texture, ultimately achieving a more even complexion.
While some causes may be unavoidable, several proven strategies can help prevent or mitigate uneven skin tone.
Preventing uneven skin tone is more effective and less complex than treating established pigmentary changes. A proactive approach, grounded in dermatological science, can significantly reduce the risk of developing hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and other forms of skin discolouration.
Below are key strategies supported by clinical research and expert consensus.
Daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreen is the cornerstone of uneven skin tone prevention.
Beyond sunscreen, physical barriers are highly effective in reducing UV exposure.
A well-structured skincare regimen helps maintain skin barrier function and reduces the risk of uneven skin tone.
Certain topical ingredients are clinically proven to inhibit melanin formation and reduce oxidative stress.
Maintaining adequate hydration and a nutrient-rich diet supports skin health and resilience.
Physical trauma, such as picking at acne or scratching, can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, particularly in individuals with medium to dark skin.
If you notice persistent or worsening uneven skin tone, consult a board-certified dermatologist, such as for a thorough evaluation and personalised prevention plan. Early intervention can prevent minor discolouration from progressing into more stubborn pigmentary disorders.
While these strategies can significantly reduce the risk of developing uneven skin tone, genetics, hormonal factors, and certain medical conditions may still contribute to pigmentation changes despite best efforts.
Effectively managing uneven skin tone requires a combination of consistent at-home care and, when needed, professional dermatological treatments. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each approach can help patients make informed decisions and set realistic expectations.
Many individuals with mild to moderate uneven skin tone benefit from evidence-based home care strategies. These can be particularly useful for early intervention, maintenance, or as adjuncts to professional treatments.
Key Ingredients and Their Clinical Roles:
However, these remedies should be used with caution, always patch-test and avoid harsh or undiluted applications, especially with lemon juice, which can cause irritation or photosensitivity.
For persistent, severe, or resistant cases of uneven skin tone, professional dermatological interventions offer more targeted and often faster results.
Standard Clinical Procedures include:
Professional treatments can yield significant improvements in uneven skin tone, but they are not without risks. Side effects may include temporary redness, swelling, or changes in skin pigmentation. Maintenance and strict sun protection are essential to preserve results.
For effective treatments of acne, scarring, or dark circles, Velantis Dermatology offers personalised medical-grade care. Book a consultation today to experience trusted, patient-centred dermatology.
Uneven skin tone is a treatable dermatological concern influenced by sun exposure, hormonal changes, acne, and environmental stressors. Prevention through sun protection and consistent skincare is key, but professional treatments, such as laser therapy, chemical peels, and microneedling, can offer significant improvements for persistent cases.
At Velantis Dermatology, we are committed to delivering safe, evidence-based solutions tailored to each patient’s unique needs. Founded by Dr. Janani (MD Dermatologist), our clinic is designed as an institutional, brand-first practice, ensuring ethical care and long-term trust for the Chennai community.
If you’re seeking a qualified dermatologist near Medavakkam or want expert guidance for pigmentation issues, our team is here to help. We offer comprehensive consultations and advanced treatments for acne, pigmentation, and other skin concerns, always with a focus on medical integrity and patient well-being. Request a callback here!
Ready to restore your skin’s even tone? Book a consultation with our expert dermatologists at Velantis Dermatology today to receive personalized care and treatment options tailored to your skin's needs.
Q1. Can certain foods or supplements help improve uneven skin tone?
A1. While a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins (such as C and E), and minerals can support overall skin health, no specific food or supplement alone can cure uneven skin tone. However, maintaining good nutrition may help the skin recover from damage and support the effectiveness of topical or professional treatments.
Q2. Is uneven skin tone more common in certain age groups or genders?
A2. Although uneven skin tone can affect anyone, it is more frequently reported in women, especially during periods of hormonal change such as pregnancy or menopause. The prevalence may increase with age due to cumulative sun exposure and slower skin regeneration.
Q3. Can stress or lack of sleep worsen uneven skin tone?
A3. Yes, chronic stress and inadequate sleep can impair the skin’s natural repair mechanisms, increase inflammation, and potentially worsen pigmentation issues or delay recovery from existing discolouration.
Q4. Are there any medications that can cause or worsen uneven skin tone?
A4. Some medications, like certain antibiotics, antimalarials, chemotherapy agents, and hormone therapies, may increase sensitivity to sunlight or directly affect melanin production, potentially leading to new or worsening pigmentation changes.
Q5. How long does it typically take to see results from treatments for uneven skin tone?
A5. The timeline for visible improvement depends on the underlying cause, the type of treatment, and individual skin characteristics. Topical treatments may take several weeks to months, while professional procedures like chemical peels or lasers may show results more quickly but often require multiple sessions.
Q6. Can uneven skin tone return after successful treatment?
A6. Yes, recurrence is possible, especially if underlying triggers such as sun exposure or hormonal fluctuations are not managed. Ongoing sun protection and maintenance of skincare are crucial to prevent relapse.